home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
/
pc
/
illusion
/
hub_fie.cxt
/
00173_Field_frep125.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-12-30
|
3KB
|
99 lines
In the uppermost example,
we have a square containing a
small circle a little to the right
of the center in one member
and a little to the left in the
other. If you view the figure
with both eyes, using the
stereoscope or partition
method, you should see the
circle no longer in the plane of
the screen but standing out in
front of it about an inch or so.
Similarly, you should see the
second figure as a circle behind
the plane of the screen. You see
the circle in front or behind
the screen because your retinas
are getting exactly the same
information they would get if
the circle were in front or
behind.
In 1960 Bela Julesz, at Bell
Telephone Laboratories,
invented an ingenious, highly
useful method for
demonstrating stereopsis: a
figure will at first glance seem
like a uniformly random mass
of tiny triangles--and indeed it
is except for a concealed larger
triangle in the center part. If it
is seen through pieces of
colored cellophane, red over
one eye and green over the
other, the center-triangle
region stands out in front, just
as the circle in the
illustrations here did.
Reversing the cellophane
windows would reverse the
depth. The usefulness of these
Julesz patterns is that the
triangle standing out in front
or receding can not possibly be
seen without one's having
intact stereopsis.
To sum up, our ability to see
depth depends on five
principles:
1. We have many cues to depth,
such as occlusion, parallax,
rotation of objects, relative
size, shadow casting, and
perspective. Probably the most
important cue is stereopsis.
2. If we fixate on, or look at, a
point in space, the images of
the point on our two retinas fall
on the two foveas. Any point
judged to be the same distance
away as the point fixated casts
its two images on corresponding
retinal points.
3. Stereopsis depends on the
simple geometric fact that as an
object gets closer to us, the two
images it casts on the two
retinas become outwardly
displaced, compared with
corresponding points.
4. The central fact of
stereopsis--a biological fact
learned from testing people--is
this: an object whose images
fall on corresponding points in
the two retinas is perceived as
being the same distance away as
the point fixated. When the
images are outwardly displaced
relative to corresponding
points, the object is seen as
nearer than the fixated point,
and when the displacement is
inward, the object is seen as
farther away.
5. Horizontal displacements
greater than about 2 degrees or
vertical displacements of over a
few minutes of arc lead to
double vision.